Drug resistant bacteria have a large economic and health care impact e.g MRSA and drug resistant tuberculosis. Testing for drug resistance ensures that appropriate and timely treatment can be given and prevents spread of resistant organisms in the community. However, tests do not exist for resistance to all antibiotics and such tests are sometimes difficult or impossible to design. In this study, we will use our expertise to develop a drug resistance test that is rapid and simple, can be used for any bacteria and any drug.