This project will deliver an Ammonia Auxiliary Engine retrofit solution, allowing shipping companies to eliminate auxiliary emissions whilst reducing cost and not adding risk to vessel operations. At the heart of this solution will be the Carnot Engine. Whereas most internal combustion engines are just 25 -- 35% efficient, a Carnot Engine operates at 72% efficiency. By doubling efficiency, fuel consumption is halved. Fuel account for ~90% of the total cost of power for operators so by reducing fuel consumption, enormous cost savings are delivered. Whereas most ICE are dependent on diesel, a Carnot Engine can use any fuel and change anytime. This project will focus on optimising our ammonia technology, in collaboration with the University of Southampton (combustion simulations to optimise fuel delivery and engine performance) & CAP (high-flow injector development). Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL) are the world's 5th largest shipping company and a major shareholder in Carnot Engines. Together we have been developing an APU concept for use on their fleet of over 800 vessels and this project aims to accelerate that development. MOL are providing vessel operational insight, experience on running a large fleet, how they wish to implement such a technology and how adopting future fuels can be implemented from the perspective of a global fleet. It was their insight which highlighted the critical importance of adopting a staged implementation process to make the adoption of such technology possible. Houlder Naval Architects are providing this expertise on how to implement the technology, with four distinct phases overtime: 1. Containerised format -- Easiest to adopt. Find suitable locations for the Ammonia APU to be positioned and thus achieve running hours at sea with minimal costs and complexity of implementation. 2. Space Onboard -- Install one Ammonia APU into the existing vessel without removing any existing diesel engines. This allows the vessel to accrue maximum fuel & emission savings by using the Carnot Engine but whilst retaining full redundancy onboard, in case of any issues. 3. Diesel Retrofit -- As greater confidence is gained, we can begin to replace onboard diesel engines. 4. Full Retrofit -- Ultimate goal is to replace all diesel auxiliary engines with the Ammonia Auxiliary Engine concept and install to New Build vessels at the shipyard. DCA are supporting the commercialisation, identifying market potential, understanding the global competition, risks and how to accelerate market adoption.

The **SERRMA project** (Sustainable Energy Resilience in Rural Maritime Applications) aims to tackle one of the biggest challenges in maritime decarbonisation: the lack of high-power charging infrastructure in smaller and remote ports. These locations often have limited grid capacity, making it difficult or impossible to electrify vessels, equipment, or port operations without costly and time-consuming upgrades. To address this, the SERRMA consortium will develop and validate a new zero-emission charging solution called the **Hixapod**---a compact, mobile, and high-power energy hub designed specifically for maritime use. The Hixapod uses **hydrogen fuel cells**, **battery storage**, and **smart energy management** to provide reliable power for vessel charging and shore-based operations without depending on the local electricity grid. The system integrates cutting-edge technologies, including **advanced power electronics**, **liquid cooling systems**, and **machine learning** that optimise energy use based on weather patterns and historical demand. It also includes a **microgrid control platform** that can manage energy from multiple sources such as hydrogen, solar, and grid supply---maximising efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. Over the course of the project, the team will take Hixapod from prototype stage through to a validated system ready for full-scale demonstration. This includes testing key features such as **high-power delivery (up to 500 kW)**, **cold ironing support**, and **bi-directional energy flows**---where energy can be shared between vessels, port infrastructure, or even sold back to the grid. The project includes a strong UK-based team led by **Hixal Ltd**, with engineering and research support from **Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG)** and **Coventry University**, energy utilisation system from **Swanbarton Ltd**, manufacturing expertise from **Unipart**, and a real-world test environment provided by **Scotline Terminal** in Kent. By the end of the project, the Hixapod will be ready for operational deployment in or between ports, supporting the UK's transition to clean maritime technologies. The system will also be future-fuel ready, capable of running on emerging clean fuels like ammonia as the market evolves. SERRMA supports the UK's maritime decarbonisation goals while helping create jobs, boost exports, and build resilience into the nation's clean energy infrastructure---especially in rural and coastal communities.

HEAT-HD is a game-changing high-temperature liquid-ammonia (LNH3) powered engine technology with 70% BTE. Targeting marine propulsion systems and Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) and shore-side power generation units up to 10MW. LNH3 has clear economic and operational benefits for maritime applications as it offers the energy storage density and true zero emission property of liquid hydrogen without the parasitic losses associated with storing cryogenic liquids. Ammonia technology is specifically targeting the heavy-duty marine sector. HPDI injector technology will enable a new generation of high-efficiency LNH3 engines that offer lower emissions than comparable port-fuelled engines. HEAT-HD will develop a novel LNH3 fuel system and engine concept combining four unique technologies together to tackle critical challenges of using LNH3 as a fuel, a clear step-change from current SOTA NH3 ICE technologies for marine applications. The four unique technologies included and their advantages are: 1. High-temperature (thermally insulated) Carnot engine with key components manufactured from high temperature resistant materials able to withstand fuel combustion temperatures, eliminating the third of fuel-energy wasted to cooling systems 2. HPDI fuel injection strategy for improved performance and reduce in-cylinder emission and knock 3. Active pre-chamber TJI concept with multi-point ignition for ultra-lean combustion and cold-start operation. 4. Cracking of ammonia in-situ to provide the hydrogen pilot for the ammonia engine to achieve efficient combustion. The pre-chamber Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) concept will optimise secondary combustion, with small hydrogen consumption, cracked from ammonia in-situ. The project is a feasibility and lab-based demonstration study to assess the technical, economic and regulatory feasibility of using Carnot's technology to reduce GHG emissions using LNH3 as the primary fuel source. The project will develop and demonstrate a dual-fuel hydrogen-piloted fuel system with only ammonia stored, a proportion cracked to hydrogen, via the Transformational Energy (TE) SOFC Ammonia cracking technology, and will identify the design elements required to convert to this fuel-system. It will employ comprehensive physics-based modelling expertise from University of Southampton to simulate LNH3 engine combustion covering the four unique technologies, complemented by Brunel University's optical chambers to validate combustion dynamics, before targeting a Carnot engine test at the end of the project. Carnot will also engage with Carisbrooke and OS Energy (OSE) as end users to explore technology commercialisation via duty cycle data collection on board vessels, data analysis and exploration of potential system integration opportunities. HEAT-HD aims to break down one of the main barriers to ammonia being adopted as a marine fuel.

Creating sustainable economic growth and education in rural Africa requires zero carbon energy in local areas. However, the majority of current propositions are either expensive, complex, fragile or hard to deploy. Angaza Africa will show a different way. Utilising a portable hybrid system, combining solar, wind and battery developed at Glasgow Caledonian University and a citizen-based business model led by E-Safiri Charging in Kenya, Angaza Africa will demonstrate a new way of creating power. Innovate UK funding will enable a partnership between UK academia and small-scale rural industry in Kenya that will transform the lives of people in a sustainable way.