Accurate inertial measurement units are critical for autonomous navigation where access to Global Navigation Satellite System networks is denied/unavailable/unreliable. This is particularly relevant to timing, navigation in defence, and civilian applications such as seabed explorations, autonomous infrastructure monitoring, and manufacturing control. The Multi-MAPS project will develop a navigation-grade atomic-photonic module based on an atomic spin gyroscope. This 24-month project builds on the outputs of several quantum projects to create a pathway to developing a commercial atomic spin gyroscope based on co-magnetometry within the UK.

Marine and Maritime communications are being challenged by de-carbonisation, autonomy/robotics, real-time data and analytics for optimising performance and the growth of 'over the air updates to operational systems' as well as AI to improve efficiency and productivity. This challenge is augmented by the current geo-political landscape where current methods of communication and positioning are under significant threat from hostile actors -- for example GPS spoofing. With the continuing development of ASV's in the South West and the area as a centre of excellence for the development of these craft the cluster will benefit from having an innovative communications test bed available for use. This technological shift is increasing the need for real-time, bi-directional data flows with expodential increases in the volumes of data to be exchanged with other offshore assets and land particularly once beyond line of sight (BLOS). This also necessitates assured and accurate Position, Navigation and Timing for safe and secure operations. This has created demand for a new breed of communication technologies that will provide the safe, resilient and assured connectivity to fixed and mobile assets that operate in areas such as offshore renewable generation, ferries and increasingly shipping. Clarus Networks and JET Engineering are proposing to solve these challenges by developing \* a trusted and resilient maritime position & timing (PNT) solution ensuring accurate and secure PNT \* An integrated terrestrial communications platform including private 5G and Active failover of Satellite communications using 1+1 LEO constellations \* Separate management of the communications platform enabling remote power and performance monitoring and control \* Developing the platform to be of low size, weight and power consumption (low-SWaP) to reduce the energy consumption of communications and make it sustainable and accessible.

JET is developing floating 5G networks, enabling high-speed connectivity and real-time data collection/transfer on the same buoy platform, with a highly resilient and persistent blended sensor network for ocean and environmental monitoring. JET has worked closely with the offshore wind sector to explore requirements around improved reliability, shaping our solutions to market needs, focused on improving overall operational reliability and optimisation within early phase installation and commissioning. JET's position in the marketplace currently is bringing a disruptive technology solution to the fast-growing offshore wind sector. It is the only meshed, solar powered, floating 5G network solution available and is currently at the stage of piloting ready for commercial service provision. JET is already well positioned for growth within the offshore wind sector, with clear routes-to-market identified. Engagements and discussions with offshore wind owners and developers have identified that continuous safety-critical communications and real-time data capture has the potential to optimise and improve reliability and efficiency within the installation and operations of farms. Market research and business development activities have confirmed strong customer needs and willingness to invest in this solution, with telecommunications budgets for wind farm installations already in existence.We have initial test platforms being deployed at sea, and envisage network growth to cover the seas surrounding the UK in coming years, with international expansion to the East-coast US expected as soon as 2024\. This project is focused on delivering the pilot network which will unlock our ability to deploy our networks at the scale we envisage, to meet customer requirements and demands.This project will deliver an innovative pilot of the world's-first floating private 5G network as a bespoke meshed connectivity solution, providing safety-critical communications, alongside a multitude of 5G-enabled solutions (e.g., robotics, autonomy and remote monitoring). The project will conduct late-stage R&D to finalise our floating 5G stack and network, before deploying four buoys and establishing an underlying blueprint of innovative 5G connectivity infrastructure at sea, for future wind farm communications, enabling corporate risk management. The project will highlight collaboration opportunities between JET and Offshore wind partners in the areas of technology, proving the deployment of the network, operational change, and maintenance, whilst fostering innovation and knowledge transfer.

JET is developing floating 5G networks, enabling high-speed connectivity and real-time data collection/transfer on the same buoy platform, with a highly resilient and persistent blended sensor network for ocean and environmental monitoring. JET has worked closely with the offshore wind sector to explore requirements around improved reliability, shaping our solutions to market needs, focused on improving overall operational reliability and optimisation within early phase installation and commissioning. JET's position in the marketplace currently is bringing a disruptive technology solution to the fast-growing offshore wind sector. It is the only meshed, solar powered, floating 5G network solution available and is currently at the stage of piloting ready for commercial service provision. JET is already well positioned for growth within the offshore wind sector, with clear routes-to-market identified. Engagements and discussions with offshore wind owners and developers have identified that continuous safety-critical communications and real-time data capture has the potential to optimise and improve reliability and efficiency within the installation and operations of farms. Market research and business development activities have confirmed strong customer needs and willingness to invest in this solution, with telecommunications budgets for wind farm installations already in existence.We have initial test platforms being deployed at sea, and envisage network growth to cover the seas surrounding the UK in coming years, with international expansion to the East-coast US expected as soon as 2024\. This project is focused on delivering the pilot network which will unlock our ability to deploy our networks at the scale we envisage, to meet customer requirements and demands.This project will deliver an innovative pilot of the world's-first floating private 5G network as a bespoke meshed connectivity solution, providing safety-critical communications, alongside a multitude of 5G-enabled solutions (e.g., robotics, autonomy and remote monitoring). The project will conduct late-stage R&D to finalise our floating 5G stack and network, before deploying four buoys and establishing an underlying blueprint of innovative 5G connectivity infrastructure at sea, for future wind farm communications, enabling corporate risk management. The project will highlight collaboration opportunities between JET and Offshore wind partners in the areas of technology, proving the deployment of the network, operational change, and maintenance, whilst fostering innovation and knowledge transfer.

JET is delivering world-first "5G connectivity at sea" through the deployment of high-bandwidth 5G floating-buoy systems, offering increased connectivity and communication capabilities throughout the marine sector, supporting the UK's priorities of critical national infrastructure for future wireless non-terrestrial network (MNTN), national security and 'net zero' ambitions. To date, JET has successfully demonstrated the detection/transition of 5G signals with our innovative 5G floating-buoy systems at sea using a novel high-gain-beamforming & low-gain integrated-antenna solution. However, their operations are unstable, and our insight understanding of how antenna beams and link performance are formed is limited, especially in real-world, harsh operating environments. JET now urgently needs support on the major problem we now face, having an inability in attaining rigorous validations of our 5G systems (e.g., its beamforming and link performance) to ensure reliably in real-world harsh operating environments at sea, alongside simulations to develop an insight understanding on how beamforming's operation may be optimised to ensure reliable link. This problem must be overcome at this stage of development, to avoid having to deploy antennas with customers and finding issues. To tackle this problem, this project aims to establish and validate our novel fronthaul and backhaul integrated antenna systems. Focus will be given to formulating and validating the overall validity of our antenna systems, allowing for technology optimisation and refinement of broadcast antennas to guarantee the best possible connections for users, with minimum possible interference released into the radio-environment and additional antennas used. Throughout the project NPL will provide consultancy, as well as conducting a series of beam-pattern and wireless link evaluations of antenna systems, de-risking future development of a clear solution to JET current long-running technical problem. In the short-term this project enables JET to hire an additional RF engineer, who will work alongside our team to increase our expertise. We estimate the long-term value of the JET solution will be greater than £412-million over the next 10 years, based on our missed network sale opportunities. The revenues we anticipate within our chosen and extended markets will be further increased through additional service provision to a range of maritime markets, facilitating increased safety, sustainability and smart operations. This project further contributes to the overall 5G connectivity and commercial developments within the offshore environment. The development and validation of our antenna systems delivers a solution which positively improves resilience within the UK, whilst also supporting Net-Zero ambitions and Levelling-Up Agendas.

Green Hydrogen is a flexible energy source created from water and renewable energy. Its cost effectiveness depends on the effective design of the production system, in addition to ensuring that the storage, transport and distribution of the fuel is optimised in accordance with fuel demand and the productivity of the renewable energy source. HyPPO will create an optimised electrolyser system configuration based on a predictive model of renewable energy output using historical satellite data, and provide a tool to improve the logistics associated with off-take of hydrogen created in remote environments.

JET Engineering System Solutions (JET) delivers high-value and cost effective resilient 5G communications and data transmission technology. We are developing an end-to-end system to increase communication and observation capabilities at sea, directly tailored to the renewable energy, safety, security, sustainability/carbon and conservation sectors. JET has developed a uniquely game-changing off-grid, marinised 5G system, hosted on our floating buoy platforms and fitted with our own 5G user equipment, enabling pop-up meshed network capabilities. Our platforms come in different sizes depending on the sea state, and have high-level compatibility with environmental and biodiversity requirements across all domains: above the water, at the surface, and below the water. This project specifically focuses on the development and integration of increased sensor packages into our existing systems. JET will first outline required data capture within natural capital assets (e.g., key species, biodiversity, environmental change), which monitors the status and highlights potential risks. Once established, the project will outline the detailed sensor packages required to capture the information, before selecting specific sensors to ruggedise, integrate and trial. The project will conduct laboratory testing of integrated sensors, as well as developing and training key AI algorithms to analyse data and categorise biodiversity when deployed at sea. This project delivers a solution which improves the spatiotemporal density, quality and cost of sensing data acquisition, integrating a range of tailored sensor-packs onto our floating meshed network. Beyond this, the network has an established commercial potential and JET will utilise existing strategic partners and commercial contracts to ensure the exploitation of the key technologies developed. JET has a range of expertise, especially within marine and coastal science arena, which will ensure the project is successful through background knowledge and requirements, beyond the current state-of-art applications.

This project focuses on and investigating the feasibility of resilient timing and frequency for synchronisation (TFS) over 5G Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) standards, such as IEEE1588 or 3PP TS 23.501\. This project will provide the underlying understanding required to enhance the current high-speed and low-latency data and communication capabilities of JET Engineering System Solutions' (JET-ESS) 5G meshed network infrastructure. The project will establish the integration development of Precision Time Protocol (PTP) transparent clock capabilities into JET ESS' remote 5G software layers, tracking how long it takes a signal to travel through the mesh, to synchronise operator, sensor and autonomous time at sea with a reference on-land. The project will leverage existing work to simulate TFS to develop the complex operations needed. This will outline the required standards, protocols and algorithms that will need to be innovatively developed and integrated into JET-ESS' current 5G processing software to enable TFS across our scalable network. The development of 5G IAB TFS protocols removes total reliance on GNSS/GPS for timing, which are often absent or disrupted offshore, and impacting 5G when rolled out as a larger mesh network. However, where available GNSS/GPS will enable the validation of absolute time value at the end-user over the network. This project underpins the total synchronisation of 5G and 6G network infrastructure, disrupting the telecoms market and creating advanced markets surrounding 5G enabled surveying, autonomous drones, and vessel capability applications surrounding offshore wind farm installation.

JET Engineering System Solutions (JET-ESS) is delivering "5G connectivity at sea" through the deployment of high bandwidth 5G floating buoys, offering increased connectivity and communication capabilities throughout the marine sector. To date JET-ESS has successfully deployed the world's-first floating 5G data collection buoy platform. This has gained significant publicity, including a visit by Minister Lee Rowley at the National Physical Laboratory, and end-user traction within key industries of interest, including offshore wind. JET-ESS has successfully demonstrated with NPL that the communication range at sea could be significantly extended using a high-gain directional-antenna solution. However, our current buoy platforms rely on using Global Navigation Satellite System for determining their position. JET-ESS envisages that our buoy platforms will be primarily utilised and deployed in/around offshore wind farms for surf condition monitoring, defence and security applications, where connectivity to GNSS is highly disrupted and often denied or unattainable due to the harsh operating environments. As a result, JET-ESS are unable to determine the location of each buoy in relation to one another, or those operating within the 5G network, when deployed at sea. This problem is currently limiting the expansion of JET-ESS's customer base, specifically within the offshore wind sector, on which our current business model is reliant. To tackle this problem, this project aims to establish a novel GNSS-free location awareness solution at sea using dedicated JET-ESS 5G positioning signals and direction-of-arrival algorithm(s). The focuses will be given to formulating and validating the algorithm software and 5G communication hardware requirements needed to develop a directional-antenna-based location awareness system, which triangulates absolute positioning based on the collective angle of data transmitted within the floating meshed buoy network. NPL will provide consultancy regarding the consideration and development of relevant hardware and software. Following this NPL will assist in the development of practical validation method(s), which will de-risk further work in the final development of a clear solution to JET-ESS current long running technical problem in the form of a location awareness at sea. Developing this solution has the potential to significantly benefit the maritime sector, addressing UK government priorities in 5G extension and diversification, contributing to and addressing the urgent need for maritime security and net-zero ambitions. Developing a GNSS-free location awareness solution diversifies and increases asset resilience in determining Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) capabilities, especially within GNSS denied environment at sea and licenced to on-land applications.

JET Engineering System Solutions (JET-ESS) proposed innovative project develops libraries and routing algorithms for 5G Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) protocol as part of an Open 5G RAN stack. This project includes the solution exploration of Open 5G srsRAN, design, development and integration of IAB protocols, gNodeB and 5G capabilities, constructing the world's-first 5G Open RAN IAB radio stack (ORIAB). This stack enables the removal of fibre between 5G base stations, delivering a lower environmental impact for telecom installations on land. Also benefiting ourselves, by enabling maritime communications to work as a floating network. These floating networks specifically benefit and accelerates the installation of offshore wind, addressing currently limited to no communications during the installation and commissioning phases. Development of the ORIAB stack enables a fully integrated transparent non-proprietary protocol for backhaul communications, changing possibilities for 5G radio installation, owing for mm wave comms where several radios can backhaul data via a single method. In rural economies this enables "last mile" off-grid connectivity, used for example in the "Emergency services network" and for ourselves to enable a floating maritime-mobile-network. This not only accelerates the route to net zero with enabling industry 4.0 at sea, also reducing and removing the impact of the digital divide within rural communities on land. IAB 5G networks enables data access and stimulates collaboration across net-zero energy sectors, accelerating the development of shared and open digital resources. These networks provide mobile, continuous, and diverse coverage, addressing current market needs through the employment of high-speed communication capabilities, continuous multi-sensor monitoring, data collection and edge processing. This accelerates offshore wind deployments as part of a net-zero energy system, through improved simultaneous operation and reduced reliance on carbon intensive surveying processes, improving overall sustainable operations via improved communication and data accessibility. The development of ORIAB involves utilising and developing open source 5G RAN stacks, as well as game-changing innovation to develop and configure existing hardware to support the 5G IAB protocols. This involves the development of original open source software and libraries which support IAB, made available through several open gateways including GitHub. JET-ESS will utilise existing customer based relationships with Scottish Power and other stakeholders to support and ensure adoption of the ORIAB as an open source application. This project makes dramatic technical improvements on 5G in the private network sector, as an emerging market, solutions have not yet been substantially set.

This project aims to conduct a feasibility study that will inform the business case for 5G at sea infrastructure investments in the offshore wind sector, enabling future market deployments such as the East Anglia ONE project. JET Engineering System Solutions aims to harness the industry pull of the offshore wind industry, as a potential technology development opportunity for the adoption of floating 5G networks with data collection capabilities. To achieve this a detailed feasibility study will be conducted to identify the customer need and infrastructure requirements, to support JET's 5G mesh network. This is as an alternative to the current environmental monitoring and communications, which use polluting vessels and expensive and slow satellite communications. The study will include outlining the data and network requirements, the quality of service and the environmental sensing requirements required during the commissioning and installation phases within the offshore wind sector, as well as the potential monitoring throughout windfarm operation. The project will include a detailed demand analysis with existing offshore windfarms, including East Anglia One, as well as looking at the upcoming windfarm deployments within the UK, working with our expected industry advisory panel with current contacts including Scottish Power, Vestas and many other offshore wind stakeholders. Alternative use cases in the offshore maritime market and potential early adopters will also be canvassed to understand the potential for future sector growth. The study will also identify the correct operational model to work within this sector, including routes to commercial financing and deployment, and potential for export or selling data as a service.

This project aims to conduct a high quality feasibility study that will inform potential future collaborations and projects focused on international partnerships between JET Engineering System Solutions (JET-ESS; UK) and partner organisations in complex sea basins. This study will allow JET-ESS to explore the international options and opportunities to further our novel 5G at Sea solution. JET-ESS will collaborate and engage with overseas businesses, networks, and other stakeholders, to rapidly commercialise our 5G buoy network into the global market. This project will enable JET-ESS to identify further opportunities and additional stakeholders within countries situated in complex sea basins, including Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and the Spanish Islands. These countries have been selected due to their national focus on developing maritime technology and the sectors of Safety, Aquaculture, Environmental Conservation/Monitoring and offshore renewables (e.g., offshore wind). This project will identify the potential for newly developed 5G technology, which in turn will help further development of our 5G buoy mesh network, as well as accessing these global markets to enable faster commercialisation of our product. The project team will undertake a detailed feasibility study to engage potential collaborators within the identified countries, before conducting extensive market research and engagement, to develop go-to-market strategies and business cases for future international investment. The project will lead into future investigations, demonstrations, and deployments throughout complex sea basin locations. This will enable a faster route to the global market, and also facilitate increased data collection and communication capabilities throughout the world's coastlines, benefiting the safety, aquaculture, environmental and offshore renewables sectors.