GLACIER aims to deliver a significant reduction in the power consumed by wing electrothermal ice protection systems. GLACIER is targeting a reduction of up to 70% compared to anti-ice systems as used on the Boeing 787\. which consumes some 150-200kW of power. The project goals will be achieved by developing a novel low power de-icing system. Electrothermal de-icing concepts, where ice is allowed to form and then shed, have made significant steps in reducing this power consumption, but are still deemed to be too power-hungry for adoption. GLACIER will build on the Clean Sky 2 InSPIRe project, where AeroTex developed an innovative low-power solution was demonstrated down to -12°C, through novel heater arrangements and sequencing which ensured that the ice was kept within manageable thresholds that could easily be shed. AeroTex will evolve this design to cover the whole icing envelope down to -30°C. In addition, the scheme shall investigate how Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) accretions can be managed, by controlling the formation and shedding of the ice on the leading edge thus preventing hazardous runback accretions forming in the unprotected area. Further system optimisation shall be investigated by utilising AeroTex's sensors that can provide information of both the severity of the icing conditions and whether SLD conditions are present. A digital-twin approach will be adopted combining data from AeroTex's electrothermal codes and Cranfield University icing wind tunnel trials. GLACIER will demonstrate that very low-power solutions are feasible and efficient on a range of geometries and develop the AeroTex electrothermal analysis tools to better simulate this type of approach. The programme shall conclude with a trade study to assess the system benefits against standard de-icing and anti-icing solutions. The developed solution shall be taken to market by partnering with Tier 1 ice protection system manufacturers and broader exploitation in the Wind Power industry will be assessed by direct engagement with industry representatives on an Advisory Board.

**Safety** In-flight icing presents a significant challenge for safe flight and has contributed to several accidents. Topics of particular interest to the aerospace community are, Supercooled Large Droplets (SLD) that resulted in the loss of American Eagle Flight 4184, and Ice Crystal Icing (ICI) conditions that resulted in the loss of Air France Flight 447\. These hazards caused icing to occur in locations or at a rate that the aircraft were not designed for. Therefore, robust detection of SLD and ICI is a high priority for the aerospace industry. **Green Ice Protection Systems** In addition to the icing safety challenges, ice protection systems can consume a larger proportion of available onboard power. Even relatively small aircraft can consume 100's of kilowatts. Reduction of this power is an area of intense research as part of the move to greener aviation. **Robust Atmospheric Ice Detection System (RAIDS)** RAIDS is designed to play a part in addressing both challenges by: * Rapidly detecting both the presence and severity of hazardous, standard, SLD and ICI icing conditions * Producing a small, low-power sensor that can be used to locally detect ice and therefore focus power in areas where ice protection is needed whilst matching or improving the level of safety vs. existing systems. A prototype of the concept has been demonstrated under a research and development programme that included both icing wind tunnel and flight test. Under this NATEP programme, new detection technology, manufacturing methods and sensor configurations shall be developed to ensure RAIDS can address all the challenges fully.