Public Funding for Earthsense Systems Limited

The transport sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation, including air and noise pollution that have negative effects to ecosystems and human health. This is particularly critical in urban areas, where the confluence of transport emissions and high population density result in adverse health impacts and substantial economic burden. The upcoming changes in the transport sector will be critical to reach targets set by the EU Green Deal. The Zero Pollution Action plans are essential tools to reduce pollution at many different levels. Through co-creation with stakeholders Net4Cities will facilitate the realization of the zero-pollution vision by 2050. The backbone of Net4Cities is this transdisciplinary approach in which the consortium members will engage with the partner cities, including ports and airports, to jointly produce new knowledge, and ensure relevance, uptake, and maximize transferability and exploitation. During the project, air and noise pollution monitoring infrastructure will be advanced and expanded in 11 European cities, including transportation hubs such airports and ports, to conform with upcoming directives and provide data for health impact assessments. The activities are designed to have long-lasting impact through both mid-, and long-term pathways, providing a roadmap for greater uptake in European cities by offering tailored, transferrable, evidence-based support for implementing effective management strategies for reducing transport related emissions. The main project results will be consolidated in the Net4Cities Studio which will provide (1) a web-based interface with real-time maps and information to raise awareness, and (2) a support tool for policy decisions that will provide guidance for operationalization and recommendations of solutions that consider innovative technologies such as dynamic traffic management systems and inclusion of nature-based solutions in overarching policy designs.

To develop a new air pollution mapping service by combining computational fluid dynamics with Land Use Regression modelling techniques.

"**MAIN DEFINITION** **School-Run-Routes:** Streets commonly used by pupils and accompanying adults as routes to primary schools **SUMMARY** Poor-air-quality is the largest environmental-risk to public-health in the UK, causing tens-of-thousands of early deaths and billions-of-pounds in health-impacts yearly (Parliament-business,2018). Emissions contribute to 40,000 premature-deaths yearly, and contributes to heart problems, dementia, diabetes, cancer, asthma and stroke(Royal-College-of-Physicians-and-of-Paediatrics-and-Child-Health, 2018). Its annual cost to UK economy is £62bn (World-Health-Organization). Emissions effect can be devastating in highly frequented outdoor places like city/town-centre, highstreets and school-run-routes. For examples (a) Most UK city/town-centres, including 44 of the 51 listed in WHO's quality database, have over the limit emission levels causing millions of people to inhale dangerous-air (WHO,2017) (b) Cars on school-run-route cause damaging pollution to the 51% of pupils who walk to school with an accompanying adult; Ella recently died from such pollution, with doctors clearly saying use of less-polluted-alternative routes to school would have saved Ella(BBC,2018). Present ways of predicting pollutant-emissions through estimation of vehicle numbers on roads are inaccurate because emissions-per-vehicle data are unreliable, as evidenced in the recent Volkswagen scandal. Monitoring stations on the other hand give average values for large-areas (e.g. neighbourhood, district, town etc.) over a period (usually monthly), with results published after taking samples to laboratory. The results only inform and cannot help citizens to make eco-healthy pollution-avoidance-decisions. This project thus aims to develop a holistic system which communicates 'accurate' live-emission-data of city-centre-streets and school-run-routes to citizens through digital means including mobile-phone apps. This will allow citizens/users to decide when (not) to use certain city-centre-streets/school-run-routes, **or which ones (not) to use** (i.e. avoidance behaviour), based on emission levels. This will help to greatly reduce the amount of emission inhaled by users and divert traffic away from highly polluted areas thereby reducing pollution. The acquired data will also be used to predict future-emission-levels to allow eco-healthy planning and inform local-authority policies The system will include i) Internet-of-Things sensors installed on city-centre-streets and school-run-routes to accurately measure key pollutants like NO2, CO2 and PM2.5s ii) Mobile-phone/computer apps to directly relay live-emission-levels data to city-centre-streets and school-run-routes users and stakeholders using heat-maps on digital-geographic-maps. iii) Cloud-storage, big-data-analytics and machine-learning-algorithms used with acquired data to predict future-emission-levels to allow eco-healthy planning and inform local-authority policies iv) Emission-data-as-service to tour/trip/route plan providers (e.g. Tour-Planner, Google-maps,etc.) for improving their services. v) A crowdsourcing-platform hosted for future installers of IoT emission sensors to sell their data through Blockchain-Technology."

UK Government AQ strategy states that there are over 50,000 premature deaths yearly due to AQ pollution. Emissions from transport are a key contributor to poor AQ. Vehicles which have an internal combustion engine and an electric only range can offer zero emission (ZE) operation but cities lack the ability to monitor and control the vehicles. Project ACCRA - a collaboration between Dynniq, Tevva, EarthSense, Transport Systems Catapult, Cenex and Leeds City Council - will address this problem by developing a system capable of allowing remote control of a vehicles energy management system to ensure ZE operation where it has maximum benefit to AQ. The operation will be demonstrated in a proposed Clean Air Zone in Leeds. Under the overall management of the Transport Systems Catapult, the consortium will develop a hybrid vehicle interface (Tevva), a decision-making engine (Dinniq) capable of taking inputs from a range of city data, such as live air quality information (EarthSense) potentially triggering on-demand ZE running instructions (known as active geofencing). The application, markets, business models and scalability of the system will be evaluated by Cenex and the Transport Systems Catapult to inform Leeds and other CAZ cities of the its potential use.

TRIUMPH is a demonstration and study of zero emission capable trucks and refrigeration units in urban environments. Refrigerated urban delivery is a key component of the modern food distribution network and temperature controlled transport is highly polluting in urban environments. Zero emission technologies provide a solution to urban air quality and can also reduce CO2 emissions. A limited evidence base exists to support the uptake of new innovative technologies in a commercial vehicle environment. This project will investigate three solutions to zero emission delivery in urban environments. 1) Fully electric vehicles (supplied by Magtec); 2) Range extended electric vehicles (supplied by Tevva). 3) Liquid nitrogen engine refrigeration units (supplied by Dearman). A detailed study of all three options will be undertaken. The project will also: develop real time environmental sensing, provided by EarthSense, which will inform the control strategy of range extended electric vehicles to provide zero emissions operation in areas of the poorest air quality; develop fleet telemetry systems for the trial vehicles; develop fleet advice software to inform roll out in the wider fleet community; and compare the emission, cost and technical performance to Euro VI diesel vehicles.